International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries around the world. This process creates significant opportunities for economic growth and facilitates the transfer of technology and infrastructure that supports innovation. Additionally, international trade introduces competitiveness in the market, which can result in better quality goods and services at more competitive prices. The positive impact of international trade on the global economy is enormous. First, trade increases consumer access to products that may not be available locally. This allows developing countries to gain access to high-tech goods and daily necessities that can improve living standards. Second, trade encourages foreign direct investment (FDI), which creates jobs and improves local infrastructure. However, international trade also has negative impacts. One of the main issues that emerged was economic inequality. Countries that do not have sufficient resources or sufficient industrial capacity are often left behind. Additionally, local industries can be hit by cheaper imported products, leading to factory closures and unemployment. This anomaly often triggers protests and social instability. Furthermore, the environmental impacts of international trade also need to be considered. Increased trading activities are often accompanied by overexploitation of natural resources and pollution. The use of transportation for exports and imports can increase the global carbon footprint, contributing to climate change. Awareness of the importance of sustainability in trade is increasing. Many countries are now seeking to implement environmentally friendly trade practices to align economic growth with conservation. Some common international trade policies include tariffs, quotas, and free trade agreements. Tariffs are taxes imposed on imported goods, which can protect domestic industry but can also result in price increases for consumers. Quotas are limits on the amount of goods that can be imported, while free trade agreements seek to reduce trade barriers between countries. This policy has far-reaching impacts and is often a source of political debate. In the digital era, international trade is also growing rapidly through e-commerce. Digital platforms enable small businesses to connect with global consumers without geographic restrictions. This opens the door to innovation and creates new opportunities for entrepreneurs in developing countries. However, challenges related to regulation, data security and consumer protection must be managed well to ensure sustainability. Cultural factors also influence international trade. Cultural differences can be a challenge in negotiations and collaboration between companies from different countries. Respecting and understanding these differences can increase the chances of success in international business ventures. Overall, international trade has a complex but comprehensive impact on the global economy. It is a key driver of growth, innovation and connectivity, while bringing challenges that require attention and strategic solutions. Fair and sustainable trade must be the main focus for stakeholders in creating a more balanced and efficient global economy.